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It's back to science class girls and boys!

This list will attempt (over time and with your help) to catalog references to every element currently on the periodic table (and perhaps some that are not!).

The idea came from a groovy site called "The Comic Book Periodic Table of the Elements" which can be found here: http://www.uky.edu/Projects/Chemcomics/

For reference to the actual periodic table see the great WebElements™ periodic table which can be found here: http://www.webelements.com/

For reference to a not so actual table please see this neat little page on Wikipedia called Fictional elements, isotopes and atomic particles which can be found here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fictional_element

Now, let's hit the books...

(ps: these are not in order. it's much too hard to come up with some of them so i wanted to get some easy ones right away. we'll fill in the gaps together later, neh?)
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Posted Mon Feb 13, 2006 9:42 pm
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1. Board Game: Pass the Gas [Average Rating:6.00 Unranked]
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Name: hydrogen
Symbol: H
Atomic number: 1
Atomic weight: 1.00794 (7) g m r

Hydrogen is the lightest element. It is by far the most abundant element in the universe and makes up about about 90% of the universe by weight. Hydrogen as water (H2O) is absolutely essential to life and it is present in all organic compounds. Hydrogen gas was used in lighter-than-air balloons for transport but is far too dangerous because of the fire risk (Hindenburg).
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The latest theory is that the problem with the Hindenburg was that it was painted with rocket fuel.
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I went with the "rocket fuel" theory for quite a while as well, but there are some excellent counter-arguments:

http://spot.colorado.edu/~dziadeck/zf/LZ129fire.pdf
is the best general argument, but a complex starting point.

There's a good brief piece with photos of an experiment at http://www.sas.org/tcs/weeklyIssues/2004-12-17/project1/inde...

The Wikipedia page provides a good overview of the controversy and links to details (including the links above): http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindenburg_disaster
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At the least filling it full of one of the most explosive gases you can get probably didn't help.
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:D oh, those 'wacky', ÜBER-düber~'attention-whoring', "Germans" and their "flights of fancy"! thumbsup:meeple:
http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/3411/1358/1600/manatee2.j...

"vee VILL put ein 'mensch am der SUN'! und ats sie NACHT, vhen it is much 'kooler' den!"
:devil:
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The visible universe is more like 75% hydrogen by weight. It's more than 90% hydrogen by atomic nucleus count, however.


(That's of normal matter, BTW. Dark matter appears to outmass normal matter several times over.)
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Name: helium
Symbol: He
Atomic number: 2
Atomic weight: 4.002602 (2) g r

Helium is one of the so-called noble gases. Helium gas is unreactive, colourless, and odourless. Helium is available in pressurised tanks.

Elemental helium is a colourless odourless monoatomic gas. Helium is the second most abundant element in the universe after hydrogen. a particles are doubly ionised helium atoms, He2+.

Helium is used in lighter than air balloons and while heavier than hydrogen, is far safer since helium does not burn. Speaking after breathing an atmosphere rich in helium results in a squeaky voice (don't try it!).
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Harald Korneliussen
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Why not try it? It shouldn't be harmful at such quantities - right?
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Name: carbon
Symbol: C
Atomic number: 6
Atomic weight: 12.0107 (8) g r

Carbon is a Group 14 element. Carbon is distributed very widely in nature. It is found in abundance in the sun, stars, comets, and atmospheres of most planets. The atmosphere of Mars contains 96 % CO2.

Carbon is found free in nature in three allotropic forms: amorphous, graphite, and diamond. Graphite is one of the softest known materials while diamond is one of the hardest. Carbon, as microscopic diamonds, is found in some meteorites. Natural diamonds are found in ancient volcanic "pipes" such as found in South Africa. Diamonds are also recovered from the ocean floor off the Cape of Good Hope.
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Name: gold
Symbol: Au
Atomic number: 79
Atomic weight: 196.96655 (2)

Gold is usually alloyed in jewellery to give it more strength, and the term carat describes the amount of gold present (24 carats is pure gold). It is estimated that all the gold in the world, so far refined, could be placed in a single cube 60 ft. on a side. It is metallic, with a yellow colour when in a mass, but when finely divided it may be black, ruby, or purple.

It is the most malleable and ductile metal; 1 ounce (28 g) of gold can be beaten out to 300 square feet. It is a good conductor of heat and electricity, and is unaffected by air and most reagents.
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Name: silver
Symbol: Ag
Atomic number: 47
Atomic weight: 107.8682 (2) g

Silver is somewhat rare and expensive, although not as expensive as gold. Slag dumps in Asia Minor and on islands in the Aegean Sea indicate that man learned to separate silver from lead as early as 3000 B.C. Pure silver has a brilliant white metallic lustre. It is a little harder than gold and is very ductile and malleable. Pure silver has the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of all metals, and possesses the lowest contact resistance. Silver iodide, AgI, is (or was?) used for causing clouds to produce rain.
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Name: palladium
Symbol: Pd
Atomic number: 46
Atomic weight: 106.42 (1) g

Palladium is a steel-white metal, does not tarnish in air, and is the least dense and lowest melting of the platinum group metals. When annealed, it is soft and ductile. Cold working increases its strength and hardness. It is used in some watch springs.

At room temperatures the metal has the unusual property of absorbing up to 900 times its own volume of hydrogen. Hydrogen readily diffuses through heated palladium and this provides a means of purifying the gas.
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Name: iron
Symbol: Fe
Atomic number: 26
Atomic weight: 55.845 (2)

Iron is a relatively abundant element in the universe. It is found in the sun and many types of stars in considerable quantity. Iron nuclei are very stable. Iron is a vital constituent of plant and animal life, and is the key component of haemoglobin.
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Not only is iron very stable, it is THE most stable nucleus of all the elements.
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kimapesan wrote:
Not only is iron very stable, it is THE most stable nucleus of all the elements.


But not the most stable element at room conditions.
Edited Sun Jul 19, 2009 3:32 pm
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Name: sodium
Symbol: Na
Atomic number: 11
Atomic weight: 22.989770 (2)

Soap is generally a sodium salt of fatty acids. The importance of common salt to animal nutrition has been recognized since prehistoric times. The most common compound is sodium chloride, (table salt).
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I like to refer to Sodium Chloride (NaCl) by it's geologic name, Halite. It is a fairly-pretty crystal, but not really something you would put in a setting.
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Name: oxygen
Symbol: O
Atomic number: 8
Atomic weight: 15.9994 (3) g r

Oxygen is a Group 16 element. While about one fifth of the atmosphere is oxygen gas, the atmosphere of Mars contains only about 0.15% oxygen. Oxygen is the third most abundant element found in the sun, and it plays a part in the carbon-nitrogen cycle, one process responsible for stellar energy production. Oxygen in excited states is responsible for the bright red and yellow-green colours of the aurora. About two thirds of the human body, and nine tenths of water, is oxygen.

Oxygen is very reactive and oxides of most elements are known. It is essential for respiration of all plants and animals and for most types of combustion.
Richard Irving
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I should point out that air is 78% nitrogen and only 21% oxygen. :p
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Isn't 21% pretty close to "one fifth"?
;)

-ZZ
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Yes, my wife told me I should not put the game "Airhead" in for oxygen...

I told her she was missing the point...

:shake:
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Name: plutonium
Symbol: Pu
Atomic number: 94
Atomic weight: [ 244 ]

Plutonium was the second transuranium element of the actinide series to be discovered. By far of greatest importance is the isotope 239Pu, which has a half-life of more than 20000 years. One kilogram is equivalent to about 22 million kilowatt hours of heat energy. The complete detonation of a kilogram of plutonium produces an explosion equal to about 20000 tons of chemical explosive. The various nuclear applications of plutonium are well known. The isotope 233Pu was used in the American Apollo lunar missions to power seismic and other equipment on the lunar surface. Plutonium contamination is an emotive environmental problem.
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Plutonium is also one of the most toxic elements known.

(Following the general trend that the rarer an element is, the more toxic it is).
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gilesclone wrote:

(Following the general trend that the rarer an element is, the more toxic it is).


Um. No. There is no such trend (nor is there any plausible underlying physical basis for why there might be one).

Lead is 10 parts per million in the earth's crust. Gold is 3 parts per *billion*. Which is more toxic? Gram for gram, beryllium is far more toxic than plutonium, and it's much more commonplace. Technetium, like plutonium, is not naturally occurring: neither element has any stable isotopes. According to this "trend", Tc should be just as toxic as Pu, but it's not. (According to this trend, it should have been exceedingly toxic in 1937 when it was first created, and its toxicity should have decreasing steadily as we generate more and more of it more medical imaging applications. But obviously that's not the case.)

The toxicity of plutonium is generally overstated. There are things in your coffee more likely to kill you than plutonium were you to ingest equal amounts of them.
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Name: americium
Symbol: Am
Atomic number: 95
Atomic weight: 243

The lustre of freshly prepared americium metal is whiter and more silvery than plutonium or neptunium prepared in the same manner. Americium is a component of the smoke detector above.

Americium appears to be more malleable than uranium or neptunium and americium tarnishes slowly in dry air at room temperature. Americium is a radioactive rare earth metal which must be handled with care to avoid contact, since it is a heavy a and g emitter. It is named after America. The a activity of 241Am is about three times that of radium. Americium is available to qualified users in the UK and in the USA.
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HA! Excellent... I thought it was a joke at first... I had to look it up on the table.
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Part of the reason it's called americium is, of course, that it was discovered in America. The other part is that in the periodic table it's found immediately below an obscure metal called europium.

No africium, asium, or australium in sight yet ...
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Name: beryllium
Symbol: Be
Atomic number: 4
Atomic weight: 9.0

Beryllium is the first of the group II-elements. Most compounds containing Be are exceedingly toxic and cause severe respiratory problems upon inhalation; the skin is also affected badly when it comes into contact with solutions of Be-ions. Early chemists identified it by its sweet taste---a disgusting practice now strictly forbidden. Because it has so low an atomic number, its 'stopping power' for energetic radiation is very low. It is therefore used in windows for X-ray equipment, where one wishes to have as little X-rays go to waste within the encasing where they are generated. A more sinister use is to employ its rather low reactivity towards neutrons to keep those contained---for example within a plutionium-based nuclear weapon. A Pu-bomb with a Be-shield requires substantially less Pu to detonate than in the unshielded case. Finally, because the isotopes Be-7 and Be-8 are highly unstable, the process known as nucleosynthesis---forming of atomic nuclei---during the Big Bang, stopped at its lighter brother lithium. All other elements in the known universe are the product of stellar fusion. We humans are made of recycled stardust because the properties of beryllium.

Most people are blissfully unaware of all these properties, however. They will, on the other hand, recognise and marvel at the beauty of clear and deeply green emeralds, which contain the element Be.
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:angry: damm 2nd-'class' "elements"! "they tuque urr JURBS!" :surprise:
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Name: nitrogen
Symbol: N
Atomic number: 7
Atomic weight: 14.0076

Nitrogen is the primary gas in Earth's atmosphere, making 78% by volume at sea level.

Nitrogen was discovered by chemist and physician Daniel Rutherford in 1772. He removed oxygen and carbon dioxide from air and showed that the residual gas would not support combustion or living organisms. At the same time there were other noted scientists working on the problem of nitrogen. These included Scheele, Cavendish, Priestley, and others. They called it "burnt" or "dephlogisticated air," which meant air without oxygen.

Nitrogen is found in all living systems as part of the makeup of biological compounds.

The French chemist Antoine Laurent Lavoisier mistakenly named nitrogen azote, meaning without life. However, nitrogen compounds are found in foods, organic materials, fertilizers, poisons, and explosives. Nitrogen, as a gas is colorless, odorless, and generally considered an inert element.
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Lavoisier's name wasn't a mistake at all. The irony of nitrogen's essential nature to all life is that its most common form -- dinitrogen gas -- is exceedingly inert, and cannot be used by most organisms as a source for that nitrogen. And you certainly cannot breathe it. If you remove the oxygen from air, you're left with mostly nitrogen, and if you try to breath nitrogen, you die. So in the context in which it was named, nitrogen *gas*, unlike oxygen gas, does not support life, and "azote" is a wholly appropriate name. The German word for nitrogen, Stickstoff ("choking stuff"), is derived from the same idea.

On the other hand, Lavoisier's name for oxygen ("acid forming", and the corresponding German Sauerstoff), was a mistake, because it turned out that oxygen is not the essential component of acids.
14. Board Game: Scattergories Platinum Edition [Average Rating:5.59 Unranked]
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Platinum. Shiny and expensive.
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Good description!

(For Shmae.):p
-ZZ
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I take it back, I actually laughed...
I just like writing 'shmae'.

Feel free to delete both of these!

-ZZ
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Extremely useful as well.
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Name: neon
Symbol: Ne
Atomic number: 10
Atomic weight: 20.179

Discovered by Ramsay and Travers in 1898. Neon is a rare gaseous element present in the atmosphere to the extent of 1 part in 65,000 of air. It is obtained by liquefaction of air and separated from the other gases by fractional distillation.

Neon is a very inert element, however, it has been reported to form a compound with fluorine. It is still questionable if true compounds of neon exist, but evidence is mounting in favor of their existence.

In a vacuum discharge tube, neon glows reddish orange.

Although neon advertising signs account for the bulk of its use, neon also functions in high-voltage indicators, lightning arrestors, wave meter tubes, and TV tubes. Neon and helium are used in making gas lasers. Liquid neon is now commercially available and is finding important application as an economical cryogenic refrigerant.
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Name: Einsteinium
Symbol: Es
Atomic number: 99
Atomic weight: 252

Einsteinium, the seventh transuranic element of the actinide series to be discovered, ws identified by Ghiorso and co-workers at Berkeley in December 1952 in debris from the first large thermonuclear explosion, which took place in the Pacific in November, 1952.
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Name: Lawrencium
Symbol: Lr
Atomic number: 103
Atomic weight: 262

Standard state: presumably a solid at 298 K
Colour: unknown, but probably metallic and silvery white or grey in appearance

Lawrencium is a synthetic "rare earth metal" which does not occur in the environment.
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THE WARRIOR PRINCESS OF ELEMENTS

Name: Xenon
Symbol: Xe
Atomic number: 54
Atomic weight: 131.293

Xenon (Greek meaning "stranger") was discovered in England by William Ramsay and Morris Travers in 1898. This gas is used in dermatology and in light-emitting devices, emitting a blue glow when it is excited by electrical discharge. It's a trace gas in the Earth's atmosphere, occurring in one part per twenty million.
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Name: tungsten
Symbol: W
Atomic number: 74
Atomic weight: 183.84 (1)

Pure tungsten is a steel-gray to tin-white metal. Tungsten has the highest melting point and lowest vapour pressure of all metals, and at temperatures over 1650°C has the highest tensile strength. The metal oxidises in air and must be protected at elevated temperatures. It has excellent corrosion resistance and is attacked only slightly by most mineral acids.
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Name: bohrium
Symbol: Bh
Atomic number: 107
Atomic weight: [ 264 ]

Bohrium is a synthetic element that is not present in the environment at all. The German discoverers at GSI proposed the name Nielsbohrium (symbol Ns) after Niels Bohr. IUPAC are happy to name an element after Bohr but suggest bohrium (Bh) on the grounds that the first name of a person does not appear in the names of any other element named after a person. This seems to have been accepted by all concerned.

---- Interesting... a German discovered element named after a German scientist whoes matching game is German and the overall theme is BORING. (actually i'm quite fond of Niels Bohr and his works.. i just thought it might be funny... sorry...)
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Niels Bohr was Danish!
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Woops. :blush:
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Name: zirconium
Symbol: Zr
Atomic number: 40
Atomic weight: 91.224 (2)

Zirconium is a greyish-white lustrous metal. The finely divided metal can ignite spontaneously in air, especially at elevated temperatures. The solid metal is much more difficult to ignite. The inherent toxicity of zirconium compounds is low.
Zirconium is found in S-type stars, and has been identified in the sun and meteorites. Analyses of lunar rock samples show a surprisingly high zirconium oxide content as compared with terrestrial rocks. Some forms of zircon (ZrSiO4) have excellent gemstone qualities.
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Name: potassium
Symbol: K
Atomic number: 19
Atomic weight: 39.0983 (1)

This metal is the seventh most abundant and makes up about 1.5 % by weight of the earth's crust. Potassium is an essential constituent for plant growth and it is found in most soils. It is also a vital element in the human diet.

Potassium is never found free in nature, but is obtained by electrolysis of the chloride or hydroxide. It is one of the most reactive and electropositive of metals and, apart from lithium, it is the least dense known metal. It is soft and easily cut with a knife. It is silvery in appearance immediately after a fresh surface is exposed.
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Potassium Permanganate is a chemical additive for making sulphurous water potable (so I'm led to believe). It is a purple-y powder that turns your hands/ fingers brown when it reacts with the moisture (possibly salt) of your skin. When burned, it practically glows an intense purple-white color.

Why do I mention it?
As a young pyromaniac (and all young teenage boys are essentially pyromaniacs), I mixed the Potassium Permanganate powder with a crushed charcoal briquette, some Potassium Nitrate (we could just walk into a drugstore and buy the stuff off of the shelf in the '70s!!), and some crushed sulphur (found easily while walking on the railroad tracks- it dripped out of the rail cars that hauled it), in order to see what happened. (I was aware of the use of this chemical in fireworks).

The beautiful glowing color happened, and a cloud of white smoke arose. I accidentally inhaled a mouthful of smoke and, like the glow of a welding joint, I looked at the light a bit too long.
At first, I merely coughed a lot. Black spots appeared everywhere I looked. And then I sneezed, violently. And again. And again. And again...
Ten minutes later, I was in my room with my "Guinness Book of Records", looking up the longest sneezing fit to see if I had a crack at it. I could not stop sneezing!! (I swear that this is a true story)
After a half an hour I was back to normal (??) and not a celebrity, I'm almost sorry to say.

Here's a miniature example of what I mean, although my mixture feeds on itself and burns much longer than this little demo does...

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Name: lead
Symbol: Pb
Atomic number: 82
Atomic weight: 207.2 (1) g m

Lead is a bluish-white lustrous metal. It is very soft, highly malleable, ductile, and a relatively poor conductor of electricity. It is very resistant to corrosion but tarnishes upon exposure to air. Lead pipes bearing the insignia of Roman emperors, used as drains from the baths, are still in service. Alloys include pewter and solder. Tetraethyl lead (PbEt4) is still used in some grades of petrol (gasoline) but is being phased out on environmental grounds.

Lead isotopes are the end products of each of the three series of naturally occurring radioactive elements.

(ps: check out the pic on the webelements.com page for lead!)
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A minor disappointment. I was hoping for Bang! The Bullet!.
Edited Thu Feb 19, 2009 5:22 pm
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edarden wrote:
A minor disappointment. I was hoping for Bang! The Bullet!.


Which was published a year after I made this list.
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Name: rutherfordium
Symbol: Rf
Atomic number: 104
Atomic weight: [ 261 ]

Standard state: presumably a solid at 298 K
Colour: unknown, but probably metallic and silvery white or grey in appearance
Classification: Metallic
Availability:
Rutherfordium is a synthetic element that is not present in the environment at all. It has no uses.
Isolation of an observable quantity of rutherfordium has never been achieved.

Rutherford, Ernest (1871-1937)

New Zealander-English physicist who was born in Nelson, New Zealand, attended school in Nelson and Marlborough, and finished his tertiary education in Canterbury, New Zealand before traveling to England. Rutherford is best known for devising the names alpha, beta, and gamma rays to classify various forms of "rays" which were poorly understood at his time (alpha and beta rays are particle beams, while gamma rays are a form of high-energy electromagnetic radiation ).

Rutherford deflected alpha rays with both electric and magnetic fields in 1903. He also observed that the intensity of radioactivity fell off with time, and named the halving time the "half-life. " In 1906, his students Geiger and Marsden conducted the classic gold foil alpha particle scattering experiment which showed large deflections for a small fraction of incident particles. This led Rutherford to propose that the atom was "nuclear." For his discoveries, Rutherford was awarded the 1908 Nobel Prize in chemistry. He much resented that the prize was in chemistry rather than physics, and his acceptance speech made a remark to the effect that he had seen many transformations in his studies, but never one more rapid than his own from physicist to chemist.

Rutherford suggested that the simplest possible rays must be those obtained by hydrogen and that these must be the fundamental positively charged particle, which he dubbed the proton in 1914. In 1917, he passed alpha particles through a gas of nitrogen and occasionally observed scintillation of hydrogen impacting on his screen. He concluded that the alpha particles were knocking protons out of the nitrogen atoms, and thus that he had made the first observation of nuclear reactions.

Rutherford's image appears on New Zealand's $100 note, that country's largest denomination of paper currency. One particularly memorable quote attributed to Rutherford is "All science is either physics or stamp collecting" (Birks 1963).
Huzonfirst
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I'm sorry, but the obvious game choice for Rutherfordian is Black Box, which was more or less inspired by his particle scattering experiment.
25. Board Game: Fossil [Average Rating:5.44 Overall Rank:4763]
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Johan Pettersson
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Name: Calcium
Symbol: Ca
Atomic number: 20
Atomic weight: 40.078

Calcium is a metallic element, fifth in abundance in the earth's crust, of which it forms more than 3%. It is an essential constituent of leaves, bones, teeth, and shells.


Calcium does not occur free in nature. Calcium is found mostly as limestone, gypsum and fluorite. Stalagmites and stalactites contain calcium carbonate.
Robert Wesley
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:angry: damm 'capitalistic' "nature"! NO 'Free Lunch', even OUT in "the wild"!?!? :gulp:
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Steffan O'Sullivan
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Plymouth
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Don't forget my personal favorite element: http://www.frontiernet.net/~lavey/leeloo1.jpg
Richard Lea
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Sorry, that should read Mike Stanfill.
Michael Van Biesbrouck
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For further information on the period table of the elements, I suggest you read

http://www.scifi.com/scifiction/periodictable.html
King of the Dead
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Oh man I love that Tom Lehrer song! I had it on tape from way back in the day when I heard it on the Dr. Deeeeeemento show!

It was going through my head as I was searching.
Ray Smith
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Let's not forget Upsidaisium!

The metal that falls up, Boris dah-link.
http://www.boardgamegeek.com/game/1611
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